Publication Abstract

Biosensors for Marine Applications We all need the sea, but does the sea need biosensors?

S. Kroeger and R. J. Law

Protection of the marine environment from negative anthropogenic impacts involves careful monitoring of a large range of different analytes and parameters. Because of the nature of the "sample sea" a varied range of strategies has to be employed and particular obstacles overcome. For example harsh working conditions, both for humans and sensors, a complex and highly corrosive matrix, inaccessible sampling sites, frequently very low analyte concentrations and aggressive biofouling can at times make the analytical task seem insurmountable. But the range of drivers for the development of biosensors for marine applications is equally impressive: euthrophication, ecotoxicology, compliance monitoring, biodiversity issues and habitat protection (with the corresponding directives and legislation), to name but a few.

In addition to issues surrounding pollution or impact monitoring, sensors can be valuable tools aiding our fundamental understanding of ecosystem processes. Recording time series in situ, revealing the movements of animals, tracing profiles through sediments and resolving cycles and periodic events. Opportunities for biosensors to aid basic research and exploration of natural phenomena will be discussed.

This paper aims to give an overview of some of the relevant parameters, measurement strategies and biosensors available, under development or desirable for marine applications, ranging from oxygen and nutrient measurements to specific pollutant detection and speciation of harmful algae. Requirements for measurements in the field, at remote locations, such as moorings or bottom landers, on board of research vessels, as well as in laboratory settings will be outlined. In addition to this overview, results from in-house developments and applications of sensors will be presented, including an example of a nucleic acid sensor for Alexandrium tamarense based on electrochemistry, sediment profiles recorded with an oxygen microsensor, and a detection system for organic pollutants.

Reference:

S. Kroeger and R. J. Law (2005). Biosensors for Marine Applications We all need the sea, but does the sea need biosensors?. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 20: 1903-1913.