Publication Abstract
- Title
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Project ME4117 – Development and Improvement of Analytical Methods for Marine Monitoring. 2.4 – Analytical Methods for Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Biota, Sediment and Sewage Sludge, and Water.
- Publication Abstract
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Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFCs) are a family of manmade chemicals that have been used since the 1950s in a wide variety of products. These have included the coating of textiles, papers and carpets to achieve oil, stain and water repelling properties. They have also been employed as ingredients in consumer products such as floor polishes and shampoos, and as performance chemicals in fire-fighting foams. Many of these chemicals are now present in the environment as a result of emissions during fluorochemical synthesis, incorporation of the fluorochemical into a product, during the use of the product by consumers, or during its disposal. Some PFCs are extremely persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and exhibit toxic effects. A broad range of methodological approaches have been used in their determination.We have conducted a critical review of the PFC literature, including:· Production and sources· Physicochemical properties and behavior· Bioaccumulation· Environmental occurrence and levels in various matrices· Temporal trends· Toxicology· Analytical methodology
We have concluded that no single existing method is suitable for the determination of all the PFC compounds found in environmental samples. Solid-phase extraction using OASIS WAX cartridges was preferred for water samples, and liquid extraction followed by dispersive clean-up using Envi-Carb for biota and sediment samples. Multiple 12C or 2H-labelled PFC analogues should be used as internal standards where available, as these will compensate for matrix interferences affecting instrument signal levels. PFCs should prefereably by analysed using LC-MS/MS with two transituions monitored per analyte, and quantified by isotope dilution.HPLC conditions should be optimized for maximum separation of isomers. When reporting data, detailed descriptions of the protocol followed and QA/QC data should also be reported. Following further method development and validation, it is recommended that a survey be conducted in UK waters to remedy a paucity of data currently.
- Publication Internet Address of the Data
- Publication Authors
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J. L. Barber, B. H. Wilford and P. Bersuder
- Publication Date
- September 2011
- Publication Reference
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Cefas Technical Report
- Publication DOI: https://doi.org/
